OP. We all hate OP.

I don't. Why should I?

I assure you, world would be a much better place without jews.

I'm sure the world would be better without any humans at all.

Idiots, like you.

WOW. Does any of you "christians" realise that your religion doesn't allow you to use a computer or watch tv? Also just did some research and youre not allowed to try and force us your oppinions.Thats whats fun about atheism.I can fucking shove my oppinion up your butt just cause.So you got any more things to point out? Let me help on this one, NO. After going through the bible i can assure you that you have nothing to use against us. If anyone wants to humiliate themselves, please continue posting your religious bullshit.

WOW. Does any of you "christians" realise that your religion doesn't allow you to use a computer or watch tv? Also just did some research and youre not allowed to try and force us your oppinions.Thats whats fun about atheism.I can fucking shove my oppinion up your butt just cause.So you got any more things to point out? Let me help on this one, NO. After going through the bible i can assure you that you have nothing to use against us. If anyone wants to humiliate themselves, please continue posting your religious bullshit.

 

Please, show me the evidence saying that Christians shouldn't use computer or watch TV?

WOW. Does any of you "christians" realise that your religion doesn't allow you to use a computer or watch tv? Also just did some research and youre not allowed to try and force us your oppinions.Thats whats fun about atheism.I can fucking shove my oppinion up your butt just cause.So you got any more things to point out? Let me help on this one, NO. After going through the bible i can assure you that you have nothing to use against us. If anyone wants to humiliate themselves, please continue posting your religious bullshit.

 

ehm, i think 95% of this post is invalid

(almost) everyone in this topic.

The Earth would be a much better place without Chile, Nobody likes that country anyway.

WOW. Does any of you "christians" realise that your religion doesn't allow you to use a computer or watch tv?

Pffffhahahaha

Ok, Im not religious, but I am 100% sure that statement is complete bullshit.

 

Also, you do realize youre acting the same way as religious butthurt people do, right?

Oh God, the OP is the biggest faggot I have ever seen.

Ok... why are animals in the list? They're the only one on the list who are innocent as fuck.

 

>inb4 moralfag

Ok... why are animals in the list? They're the only one on the list who are innocent as fuck.

 

>inb4 moralfag

Probably because OP is a megafaggot and can't prove his point

k00p":3gyk50dj]

Hitler did nothing wrong, he was trying to stop much greater evils jews will do in the future, but as we know it, history is written by the victors. If Germany won, Hitler would be shown as the greatest leader ever, an icon of 1940's and he would eventually become a prophet in religios meaning, if the world believed he did everyone a favour.

True the Jews are fucking up the world. After Hitler removed the Jews from their position in Germany, the economy were growing up.

 

._________________________________.

 

o.O

YEAH Its "Official" thread for people we hate. I will begin.

 

Justin Biever

One Erection

Post whores GHOSTYYYYYYYY (GHOSTLYYYY)

Specific Moderators at the internetzZZZZZ

The adolf

Rebecka black COCK

Squeaky kids.

Famous people.

People on Facebook

Women on facebook

LoL players

Reply girls

Animals

People who kill me at a popular FPS series <---#noob

The rest of the creatures on the internet.

Vegans

Religious people.<------ I ALSO HATE YOUUUUU :twisted:

Kuma

Me

UL7RA gay guy

and everyone on this forum.

k00p":130mu4ke]

True the Jews are fucking up the world. After Hitler removed the Jews from their position in Germany, the economy were growing up.

You might wanna take some history classes. Economies always grow when a war starts, as the war makes the demand for weapons, ammo and all the other stuff rise, which causes more factories to open which causes the unemployment rate to go down.

 

Religion isn't a bad thing, I can see why some people believe in a god, and as long as they don't try to force their opinion down my throath I'm fine with it.

Also just did some research

 

Yeah.

The adolf - huh, only a total idiot at history/total americunt/jew hates hitler. Hitler was awesome cause -

 

1) He pulled germany out of trash (after WWI when they even lost rhineland) and made it into a superpower which simultaneously kicked ass of he rest of the 5 superpowers - all at once.

2) Killing jews is always appreciated

3) Everyone knows we would be under Nazi rule if the Russians hadn't Zerg rushed the Germans (no, seriously, 60 million soldiers marching on to 3 million people is totally not fair)

4) He gave america the chance to boast how they pwnd everyone, but funfact, RUSSIA DID ALL THE FIGHTING and Japan did not surrender cause it got nuked, it surrendered cause the Soviets started taking out its japan-controlled-china/mongolia region and japan realized they weren't gonna win anytime now.

5) He did "that" with 4,532 DIFFERENT women. Have you even done it once?

6) He asked Heisenberg and other loafers to make missiles and make nazis go to moon. That's why you have any missiles/space program at all.

 

k00p":1ldxrrfg]

True the Jews are fucking up the world. After Hitler removed the Jews from their position in Germany, the economy were growing up.

You might wanna take some history classes. Economies always grow when a war starts, as the war makes the demand for weapons, ammo and all the other stuff rise, which causes more factories to open which causes the unemployment rate to go down.

 

True enough, but, the economy increses as per an INDIVIDUAL, but the GOVERNMENT suffers heacy losses. All the men are sent to war leaving behind women to do all the jobs and a country starts making weapons in huge numbers making the country itself to go into debt.

 

Also, the reason german economy boomed was not because of wars, Germany didn't even fight anyone before 1 sept 1939 (he did take Austria and Czechoslovakia, but those guys didn't even struggle) The economy boomed due to Hitler's financial assistant who came up with the idea of highways and the "people's car" commonly known today as the Volkswagen, and that increased the individual as well as the countries growth rate.

The adolf - huh, only a total idiot at history/total americunt/jew hates hitler. Hitler was awesome cause -

 

1) He pulled germany out of trash (after WWI when they even lost rhineland) and made it into a superpower which simultaneously kicked ass of he rest of the 5 superpowers - all at once.

2) Killing jews is always appreciated

3) Everyone knows we would be under Nazi rule if the Russians hadn't Zerg rushed the Germans (no, seriously, 60 million soldiers marching on to 3 million people is totally not fair)

4) He gave america the chance to boast how they pwnd everyone, but funfact, RUSSIA DID ALL THE FIGHTING and Japan did not surrender cause it got nuked, it surrendered cause the Soviets started taking out its japan-controlled-china/mongolia region and japan realized they weren't gonna win anytime now.

5) He did "that" with 4,532 DIFFERENT women. Have you even done it once?

6) He asked Heisenberg and other loafers to make missiles and make nazis go to moon. That's why you have any missiles/space program at all.

 

k00p":3iyv33w1]

True the Jews are fucking up the world. After Hitler removed the Jews from their position in Germany, the economy were growing up.

You might wanna take some history classes. Economies always grow when a war starts, as the war makes the demand for weapons, ammo and all the other stuff rise, which causes more factories to open which causes the unemployment rate to go down.

 

True enough, but, the economy increses as per an INDIVIDUAL, but the GOVERNMENT suffers heacy losses. All the men are sent to war leaving behind women to do all the jobs and a country starts making weapons in huge numbers making the country itself to go into debt.

 

Also, the reason german economy boomed was not because of wars, Germany didn't even fight anyone before 1 sept 1939 (he did take Austria and Czechoslovakia, but those guys didn't even struggle) The economy boomed due to Hitler's financial assistant who came up with the idea of highways and the "people's car" commonly known today as the Volkswagen, and that increased the individual as well as the countries growth rate.

 

Dafuq is everyone here a nazi? And by the way you really need some help pal. Killing no matter which religion you believe or dont belive in IS A CRIME. Also he didnt kill just jews. He killed every fucking living thing. No we didnt go to the moon beacause fo nazis. Beliveing that The Boss went to space seems more fucking legit than that. Did he invent the wheel or cars? no. Inventing highways? Really? how much thought did that take? Also I love how when you lose an argument about your beliefs you make the worst possible comebacks. Never intented to begin this shitstorm anyway. Finnaly yes animals are on the list by accident will fix it later.

3) Everyone knows we would be under Nazi rule if the Russians hadn't Zerg rushed the Germans (no, seriously, 60 million soldiers marching on to 3 million people is totally not fair)

 

In other words he picked a fight he could not have won.

Dafuq is everyone here a nazi? And by the way you really need some help pal. Killing no matter which religion you believe or dont belive in IS A CRIME. Also he didnt kill just jews. He killed every fucking living thing.

 

Nope.avi, He killed just ethenic races which had "encroached" onto his motherland.

 

No we didnt go to the moon beacause fo nazis. Beliveing that The Boss went to space seems more fucking legit than that. Did he invent the wheel or cars? no.

 

I didn't say he went to the moon, he TRIED to go to space and put a huge camera there so he can track the russians and defeat their numbers with tactics, it was his idea, but when berlin fell, the scientists were taken by the americans and the russians, and thus began the space race.

 

Inventing highways? Really? how much thought did that take?

 

That's like saying "Gravity? how much thought did that take? Seems pretty obvious to me" Well, if it was so obvious, then why didn't someone ELSE do it?

 

In other words he picked a fight he could not have won.

 

In fact, he could have, because the normal Russian army so nowhere close to 60 million, it was somewhere in the range of 4-5 million, but when stalingrad came under siege, evceryone who could hold a rifle was sent in to fight, Russia was infact so poor that quite a lot of them didn't even have guns, they just charged the army with a single mag in their hands.

The adolf - huh, only a total idiot at history/total americunt/jew hates hitler. Hitler was awesome cause -

 

1) He pulled germany out of trash (after WWI when they even lost rhineland) and made it into a superpower which simultaneously kicked ass of he rest of the 5 superpowers - all at once.

2) Killing jews is always appreciated

3) Everyone knows we would be under Nazi rule if the Russians hadn't Zerg rushed the Germans (no, seriously, 60 million soldiers marching on to 3 million people is totally not fair)

4) He gave america the chance to boast how they pwnd everyone, but funfact, RUSSIA DID ALL THE FIGHTING and Japan did not surrender cause it got nuked, it surrendered cause the Soviets started taking out its japan-controlled-china/mongolia region and japan realized they weren't gonna win anytime now.

5) He did "that" with 4,532 DIFFERENT women. Have you even done it once?

6) He asked Heisenberg and other loafers to make missiles and make nazis go to moon. That's why you have any missiles/space program at all.

 

k00p":1u6tk4fh]

True the Jews are fucking up the world. After Hitler removed the Jews from their position in Germany, the economy were growing up.

You might wanna take some history classes. Economies always grow when a war starts, as the war makes the demand for weapons, ammo and all the other stuff rise, which causes more factories to open which causes the unemployment rate to go down.

 

True enough, but, the economy increses as per an INDIVIDUAL, but the GOVERNMENT suffers heacy losses. All the men are sent to war leaving behind women to do all the jobs and a country starts making weapons in huge numbers making the country itself to go into debt.

 

Also, the reason german economy boomed was not because of wars, Germany didn't even fight anyone before 1 sept 1939 (he did take Austria and Czechoslovakia, but those guys didn't even struggle) The economy boomed due to Hitler's financial assistant who came up with the idea of highways and the "people's car" commonly known today as the Volkswagen, and that increased the individual as well as the countries growth rate.

 

Dafuq is everyone here a nazi? And by the way you really need some help pal. Killing no matter which religion you believe or dont belive in IS A CRIME. Also he didnt kill just jews. He killed every fucking living thing. No we didnt go to the moon beacause fo nazis. Beliveing that The Boss went to space seems more fucking legit than that. Did he invent the wheel or cars? no. Inventing highways? Really? how much thought did that take? Also I love how when you lose an argument about your beliefs you make the worst possible comebacks. Never intented to begin this shitstorm anyway. Finnaly yes animals are on the list by accident will fix it later.

 

>talking about other's comebacks

>has a shitty comeback

 

You can argue this forever, but Hitler did more good deeds than you ever will. Yes, he also did bad things, but they are over-exagerrated by the WW2 winning sides. If Germany won the war, history would be written differently, and he'd be idolized.

Same thing with Napoleon, look at more historical documents, he was the worst scum of the Earth, and yet you think of nothing bad when talking about him.

 

Hitler was a great man, he changed the world on so many levels, you can't even comprehend that. Yes, he did some bad things, but that doesn't mean he wasn't greatest leader ever. No country ever had such a strong leader, a man who enjoyed such a personality cult like Hitler, and that tells you a lot about him, from being a charismatic leader, great spokesman, to a promotor of innovations and great ideas... I feels sorry for the people that are just taught in school Hitler is bad, you must hate him!", and never really even trying to put themselves into his mind, not even for a moment, and that's what's wrong with you, you never even thought about how much power and responsibility that man had, and that whatever you do with such power, someone would be butthurt.

Dafuq is everyone here a nazi? And by the way you really need some help pal. Killing no matter which religion you believe or dont belive in IS A CRIME. Also he didnt kill just jews. He killed every fucking living thing.

 

Nope.avi, He killed just ethenic races which had "encroached" onto his motherland.

 

His motherland would be Austria more likely. He just went to Germany to evade the Austrian military duty.

Also, disabled people (you could even call hitler disabled (Parkinson disease)), homosexual people, Romani people 'encroached' Germany?

 

Seems legit.

 

 

Still sitting here lmao at most of your statements.

Let's just agree that we all hate Jews.

 

Dafuq is everyone here a nazi? And by the way you really need some help pal. Killing no matter which religion you believe or dont belive in IS A CRIME. Also he didnt kill just jews. He killed every fucking living thing.

 

Nope.avi, He killed just ethenic races which had "encroached" onto his motherland.

 

His motherland would be Austria more likely. He just went to Germany to evade the Austrian military duty.

So disabled people (you could even call hitler disabled (Parkinson disease)), homosexual people, Romani people 'encroached' Germany?

 

Seems legit.

 

 

Still sitting here lmao at most of your statements.

Uh? Just wondering, if he went to Germany to evade the Austrian military duty, why did he serve in WW1? He even went blind for a few months IIRC because of toxic gas.

Alliance with Japan

Main article: Germany–Japan relations

Hitler and the Japanese Foreign Minister, YЕЌsuke Matsuoka, at a meeting in Berlin in March 1941. In the background is Joachim von Ribbentrop.

 

In February 1938, on the advice of his newly appointed Foreign Minister, the strongly pro-Japanese Joachim von Ribbentrop, Hitler ended the Sino-German alliance with the Republic of China to instead enter into an alliance with the more modern and powerful Japan. Hitler announced German recognition of Manchukuo, the Japanese-occupied state in Manchuria, and renounced German claims to their former colonies in the Pacific held by Japan.[195] Hitler ordered an end to arms shipments to China and recalled all German officers working with the Chinese Army.[195] In retaliation, Chinese General Chiang Kai-shek cancelled all Sino-German economic agreements, depriving the Germans of many Chinese raw materials.[196]

Austria and Czechoslovakia

 

On 12 March 1938 Hitler declared unification of Austria with Nazi Germany in the Anschluss.[197][198] Hitler then turned his attention to the ethnic German population of the Sudetenland district of Czechoslovakia.[199]

 

On 28–29 March 1938 Hitler held a series of secret meetings in Berlin with Konrad Henlein of the Sudeten Heimfront (Home Front), the largest of the ethnic German parties of the Sudetenland. The men agreed that Henlein would demand increased autonomy for Sudeten Germans from the Czechoslovakian government, thus providing a pretext for German military action against Czechoslovakia. In April 1938 Henlein told the foreign minister of Hungary that "whatever the Czech government might offer, he would always raise still higher demands ... he wanted to sabotage an understanding by all means because this was the only method to blow up Czechoslovakia quickly".[200] In private, Hitler considered the Sudeten issue unimportant; his real intention was a war of conquest against Czechoslovakia.[201]

October 1938: Hitler (standing in the Mercedes) drives through the crowd in Cheb (German: Eger), part of the German-populated Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia, which was annexed to Nazi Germany due to the Munich Agreement

 

In April Hitler ordered the OKW to prepare for Fall GrГјn ("Case Green"), the code name for an invasion of Czechoslovakia.[202] As a result of intense French and British diplomatic pressure, on 5 September Czechoslovakian President Edvard BeneЕЎ unveiled the "Fourth Plan" for constitutional reorganisation of his country, which agreed to most of Henlein's demands for Sudeten autonomy.[203] Henlein's Heimfront responded to BeneЕЎ' offer with a series of violent clashes with the Czechoslovakian police that led to the declaration of martial law in certain Sudeten districts.[204][205]

 

Germany was dependent on imported oil; a confrontation with Britain over the Czechoslovakian dispute could curtail Germany's oil supplies. Hitler called off Fall GrГјn, originally planned for 1 October 1938.[206] On 29 September Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Г‰douard Daladier, and Benito Mussolini attended a one-day conference in Munich that led to the Munich Agreement, which handed over the Sudetenland districts to Germany.[207][208]

Jewish shops destroyed in Magdeburg, following Kristallnacht (November 1938)

 

Chamberlain was satisfied with the Munich conference, calling the outcome "peace for our time", while Hitler was angered about the missed opportunity for war in 1938;[209][210] he expressed his disappointment in a speech on 9 October in SaarbrГјcken.[211] In Hitler's view, the British-brokered peace, although favourable to the ostensible German demands, was a diplomatic defeat which spurred his intent of limiting British power to pave the way for the eastern expansion of Germany.[212][213] As a result of the summit, Hitler was selected Time magazine's Man of the Year for 1938.[214]

 

In late 1938 and early 1939, the continuing economic crisis caused by rearmament forced Hitler to make major defence cuts.[215] In his "Export or die" speech of 30 January 1939, he called for an economic offensive to increase German foreign exchange holdings to pay for raw materials such as high-grade iron needed for military weapons.[215]

 

On 15 March 1939, in violation of the Munich accord and possibly as a result of the deepening economic crisis requiring additional assets,[216] Hitler ordered the Wehrmacht to invade Prague, and from Prague Castle proclaimed Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate.[217]

Start of World War II

 

In private discussions in 1939, Hitler declared Britain the main enemy to be defeated and that Poland's obliteration was a necessary prelude to that goal. The eastern flank would be secured and land would be added to Germany's Lebensraum.[218] Offended by the British "guarantee" on 31 March 1939 of Polish independence, he said, "I shall brew them a devil's drink."[219] In a speech in Wilhelmshaven for the launch of the battleship Tirpitz on 1 April, he threatened to denounce the Anglo-German Naval Agreement if the British continued to guarantee Polish independence, which he perceived as an "encirclement" policy.[219] Poland was to either become a German satellite state or be neutralised to secure the Reich's eastern flank and to prevent a possible British blockade.[220] Hitler initially favoured the idea of a satellite state, but upon its rejection by the Polish government, he decided to invade and made this the main foreign policy goal of 1939.[221] On 3 April, Hitler ordered the military to prepare for Fall Weiss ("Case White"), the plan for invading Poland on 25 August.[221] In a Reichstag speech on 28 April, he renounced both the Anglo-German Naval Agreement and the German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact. In August, Hitler told his generals that his original plan for 1939 was to "... establish an acceptable relationship with Poland in order to fight against the West."[222] Historians such as William Carr, Gerhard Weinberg, and Ian Kershaw have argued that one reason for Hitler's rush to war was his fear of an early death.[223][224][225]

Hitler portrayed on a 42 pfennig stamp from 1944. The term Grossdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich) was first used in 1943 for the expanded Germany under his rule.

 

Hitler was concerned that a military attack against Poland could result in a premature war with Britain.[220][226] However, Hitler's foreign minister—and former Ambassador to London—Joachim von Ribbentrop assured him that neither Britain nor France would honour their commitments to Poland.[227][228] Accordingly, on 22 August 1939 Hitler ordered a military mobilisation against Poland.[229]

 

This plan required tacit Soviet support,[230] and the non-aggression pact (the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact) between Germany and the Soviet Union, led by Joseph Stalin, included a secret agreement to partition Poland between the two countries.[231] In response to the newly formed pact—and contrary to the prediction of Ribbentrop that it would sever Anglo-Polish ties—Britain and Poland signed the Anglo-Polish alliance on 25 August 1939. This, along with news from Italy that Mussolini would not honour the Pact of Steel, prompted Hitler to postpone the attack on Poland from 25 August to 1 September.[232] Hitler unsuccessfully tried to manoeuvre the British into neutrality by offering a non-aggression guarantee to the British Empire on 25 August; he then instructed Ribbentrop to present a last-minute peace plan with an impossibly short time limit in an effort to blame the imminent war on British and Polish inaction.[233][234]

 

Despite his concerns over a British intervention, Hitler continued to pursue the planned invasion of Poland.[235] On 1 September 1939, Germany invaded western Poland under the pretext of having been denied claims to the Free City of Danzig and the right to extraterritorial roads across the Polish Corridor, which Germany had ceded under the Versailles Treaty.[236] In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September, surprising Hitler and prompting him to angrily ask Ribbentrop, "Now what?"[237] France and Britain did not act on their declarations immediately, and on 17 September, Soviet forces invaded eastern Poland.[238]

 

Poland never will rise again in the form of the Versailles treaty. That is guaranteed not only by Germany, but also ... Russia.

—Adolf Hitler, public speech in Danzig at the end of September 1939[239]

 

Members of the Reichstag salute Hitler at the Kroll Opera House on 6 October 1939, at the end of the campaign against Poland

 

The fall of Poland was followed by what contemporary journalists dubbed the "Phoney War" or Sitzkrieg ("sitting war"). Hitler instructed the two newly appointed Gauleiters of north-western Poland, Albert Forster of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia and Arthur Greiser of Reichsgau Wartheland, to "Germanise" their areas, with "no questions asked" about how this was accomplished.[240] Whereas Polish citizens in Forster's area merely had to sign forms stating that they had German blood,[241] Greiser carried out a brutal ethnic cleansing campaign on the Polish population in his purview.[240] Greiser complained that Forster was allowing thousands of Poles to be accepted as "racial" Germans and thus endangered German "racial purity." Hitler refrained from getting involved, however,[240] which has been advanced as an example of the theory of "working towards the FГјhrer": Hitler issued vague instructions and expected his subordinates to work out policies on their own.

 

Another dispute pitched one side represented by Himmler and Greiser, who championed ethnic cleansing in Poland, against another represented by Göring and Hans Frank, Governor-General of the General Government territory of occupied Poland, who called for turning Poland into the "granary" of the Reich.[242] On 12 February 1940, the dispute was initially settled in favour of the Göring–Frank view, which ended the economically disruptive mass expulsions.[242] On 15 May 1940, however, Himmler issued a memo entitled "Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Population in the East," calling for the expulsion of the entire Jewish population of Europe into Africa and reducing the Polish population to a "leaderless class of labourers."[242] Hitler called Himmler's memo "good and correct,"[242] and, ignoring Göring and Frank, implemented the Himmler–Greiser policy in Poland.

Hitler visits Paris with architect Albert Speer (left) and sculptor Arno Breker (right), 23 June 1940

 

Hitler began a military build-up on Germany's western border, and in April 1940, German forces invaded Denmark and Norway. On 9 April, Hitler proclaimed the birth of the "Greater Germanic Reich," his vision of a united empire of the Germanic nations of Europe, where the Dutch, Flemish, and Scandinavians were join into "racially pure" polity under German leadership.[243] In May 1940, Germany attacked France, and conquered Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Belgium. These victories prompted Mussolini to have Italy join forces with Hitler on 10 June. France surrendered on 22 June.[244]

 

Britain, whose troops were forced to leave France by sea from Dunkirk,[245] continued to fight alongside other British dominions in the Battle of the Atlantic. Hitler made peace overtures to the new British leader, Winston Churchill, and upon their rejection he ordered bombing raids on the United Kingdom. Hitler's planned invasion of the UK began with a series of aerial attacks in the Battle of Britain on Royal Air Force airbases and radar stations in South-East England. However, the German Luftwaffe failed to defeat the Royal Air Force.[246]

 

On 27 September 1940, the Tripartite Pact was signed in Berlin by SaburЕЌ Kurusu of Imperial Japan, Hitler, and Italian foreign minister Ciano,[247] and later expanded to include Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria, thus yielding the Axis powers. Its purpose was to deter the United States from supporting the British. Hitler's attempt to integrate the Soviet Union into the anti-British bloc failed after inconclusive talks between Hitler and Molotov in Berlin in November, and he ordered preparations for a full-scale invasion of the Soviet Union.[248]

 

By the end of October, Hitler realised that air superiority for the invasion of Britain—in Operation Sea Lion—could not be achieved, and he ordered nightly air raids of British cities, including London, Plymouth, and Coventry.[249]

 

In the Spring of 1941, military activities in North Africa, the Balkans, and the Middle East distracted Hitler from his plans for the east. In February, German forces arrived in Libya to bolster the Italian presence. In April, Hitler launched the invasion of Yugoslavia, quickly followed by the invasion of Greece.[250] In May, German forces were sent to support Iraqi rebel forces fighting against the British and to invade Crete. On 23 May, Hitler released FГјhrer Directive No. 30.[251]

Path to defeat

 

On 22 June 1941, contravening the Hitler–Stalin non-aggression pact of 1939, 5.5 million Axis troops attacked the Soviet Union. The aim of the large-scale offensive (codenamed Operation Barbarossa) was the total destruction of the Soviet Union and to seize on its natural resources for subsequent aggression against the Western powers.[252][253] The invasion seized a huge area, including the Baltic states, Belarus, and Ukraine. However, the German advance was stopped outside Moscow in December 1941 by the Russian Winter and fierce Soviet resistance.[254]

With generals Keitel, Paulus, and von Brauchitsch, discussing the situation on the Eastern Front in October 1941

 

The Wehrmacht invasion of the Soviet Union reached its peak on 2 December 1941, when the 258th Infantry Division advanced to within 15 miles (24 km) of Moscow, close enough to see the spires of the Kremlin.[254] However, they were not prepared for the harsh conditions of the Russian winter, and Soviet forces drove the German troops back over 320 kilometres (200 mi).

 

On 7 December 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Four days later, Hitler formally declared war against the United States.[255]

Hitler during his speech to the Reichstag attacking American President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 11 December 1941

 

On 18 December 1941, Himmler asked Hitler, "What to do with the Jews of Russia?," to which Hitler replied, "als Partisanen auszurotten" ("exterminate them as partisans").[256] Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer has commented that the remark is probably as close as historians will ever get to a definitive order from Hitler for the genocide carried out during the Holocaust.[256]

 

In late 1942, German forces were defeated in the second battle of El Alamein,[257] thwarting Hitler's plans to seize the Suez Canal and the Middle East. Overconfident in his own military expertise following the earlier victories in 1940, Hitler became distrustful of his Army High Command and began to interfere in military and tactical planning with damaging consequences.[258] In February 1943, Hitler's repeated refusal to allow their withdrawal at the Battle of Stalingrad led to the total destruction of the 6th Army. Over 200,000 Axis soldiers were killed and 235,000 were taken prisoner, only 6,000 of whom returned to Germany after the war.[259] Thereafter came a decisive defeat at the Battle of Kursk.[260] Hitler's military judgment became increasingly erratic, and Germany's military and economic position deteriorated along with Hitler's health. Kershaw and others believe that Hitler may have suffered from Parkinson's disease.[261]

 

Following the allied invasion of Sicily in 1943, Mussolini was deposed by Pietro Badoglio,[262] who surrendered to the Allies. Throughout 1943 and 1944, the Soviet Union steadily forced Hitler's armies into retreat along the Eastern Front. On 6 June 1944 the Western Allied armies landed in northern France in what was one of the largest amphibious operations in history, Operation Overlord.[263] As a result of these significant setbacks for the German army, many of its officers concluded that defeat was inevitable and that Hitler's misjudgement or denial would drag out the war and result in the complete destruction of the country.[264]

The destroyed map room at the 'Wolf's Lair' after the 20 July plot

 

Between 1939 and 1945, there were many plans to assassinate Hitler, some of which proceeded to significant degrees.[265] The most well known came from within Germany and was at least partly driven by the increasing prospect of a German defeat in the war.[266] In July 1944, in the 20 July plot, part of Operation Valkyrie, Claus von Stauffenberg planted a bomb in one of Hitler's headquarters, the Wolf's Lair at Rastenburg. Hitler narrowly survived because someone had unknowingly pushed the briefcase that contained the bomb behind a leg of the heavy conference table. When the bomb exploded, the table deflected much of the blast away from Hitler. Later, Hitler ordered savage reprisals, resulting in the execution of more than 4,900 people.[267]

Defeat and death

Main article: Death of Adolf Hitler

Front page of the U.S. Armed Forces newspaper, Stars and Stripes, 2 May 1945

 

By late 1944, both the Red Army, which had driven the German army back into Central Europe, and the Western Allies were advancing into Germany. After being informed of the failure of his Ardennes Offensive, Hitler realised that Germany was going to lose the war. His hope, buoyed by the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on 12 April 1945, was to negotiate peace with America and Britain.[268] Acting on his view that Germany's military failures had forfeited its right to survive as a nation, Hitler ordered the destruction of all German industrial infrastructure before it could fall into Allied hands.[269] Execution of this scorched earth plan was entrusted to arms minister Albert Speer, who quietly disobeyed the order.[269]

 

On 20 April, his 56th birthday, Hitler made his last trip from the FГјhrerbunker ("FГјhrer's shelter") to the surface. In the ruined garden of the Reich Chancellery, he awarded Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth.[270] By 21 April, Georgy Zhukov's 1st Belorussian Front had broken through the last defences of German General Gotthard Heinrici's Army Group Vistula during the Battle of the Seelow Heights and advanced into the outskirts of Berlin.[271] In denial about the increasingly dire situation, Hitler placed his hopes on the units commanded by Waffen SS General Felix Steiner, the Armeeabteilung Steiner ("Army Detachment Steiner"). Hitler ordered Steiner to attack the northern flank of the salient and the German Ninth Army was ordered to attack northward in a pincer attack.[272]

 

During a military conference on 22 April, Hitler asked about Steiner's offensive. After a long silence, he was told that the attack had never been launched and that the Russians had broken through into Berlin. This news prompted Hitler to ask everyone except Wilhelm Keitel, Alfred Jodl, Hans Krebs, and Wilhelm Burgdorf to leave the room.[273] Hitler then launched a tirade against the treachery and incompetence of his commanders, culminating in his declaration—for the first time—that the war was lost. Hitler announced that he would stay in Berlin until the end and then shoot himself.[274]

 

Goebbels made a proclamation on 23 April urging the citizens of Berlin to courageously defend the city.[273] That same day, Göring sent a telegram from Berchtesgaden in Bavaria, arguing that since Hitler was cut off in Berlin, he, Göring, should assume leadership of Germany. Göring set a time limit, after which he would consider Hitler incapacitated.[275] Hitler responded angrily by having Göring arrested, and when writing his will on 29 April, he removed Göring from all his positions in the government.[276][277]

 

Berlin became completely cut off from the rest of Germany.[278] On 28 April, Hitler discovered that Himmler was trying to discuss surrender terms with the Western Allies.[279] He ordered Himmler's arrest and had Hermann Fegelein (Himmler's SS representative at Hitler's HQ in Berlin) shot.[280]

 

After midnight on 29 April, Hitler married Eva Braun in a small civil ceremony in a map room within the FГјhrerbunker. After a modest wedding breakfast with his new wife, he then took secretary Traudl Junge to another room and dictated his last will and testament.[281] The event was witnessed and documents signed by Hans Krebs, Wilhelm Burgdorf, Joseph Goebbels, and Martin Bormann.[282] Later that afternoon, Hitler was informed of the assassination of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, which presumably increased his determination to avoid capture.[283]

 

On 30 April 1945, after intense street-to-street combat, when Soviet troops were within a block or two of the Reich Chancellery, Hitler and Braun committed suicide; Braun bit into a cyanide capsule[284] and Hitler shot himself.[285] The bodies of Hitler and Braun were carried up the stairs and through the bunker's emergency exit to the bombed-out garden behind the Reich Chancellery, where they were placed in a bomb crater[286] and doused with petrol. The corpses were set on fire[287] as the Red Army shelling continued.[288]

 

Berlin surrendered on 2 May. Records in the Soviet archives—obtained after the fall of the Soviet Union—showed that the remains of Hitler, Braun, Joseph and Magda Goebbels, the six Goebbels children, General Hans Krebs, and Hitler's dogs, were repeatedly buried and exhumed.[289] On 4 April 1970 a Soviet KGB team with detailed burial charts secretly exhumed five wooden boxes which had been buried at the SMERSH facility in Magdeburg. The remains from the boxes were thoroughly burned and crushed, after which the ashes were thrown into the Biederitz river, a tributary of the nearby Elbe.[290]

The Holocaust

Main article: The Holocaust

 

If the international Jewish financiers outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the bolshevisation of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe![291]

 

— Adolf Hitler addressing the German Reichstag, 30 January 1939

 

The Holocaust and Germany's war in the East was based on Hitler's long-standing view that the Jews were the great enemy of the German people and that Lebensraum was needed for the expansion of Germany. He believed Eastern Europe would be an ideal location for expansion, once Poland and the Soviet Union were defeated and the Jews and Slavs were removed or killed.[292] The Generalplan Ost ("General Plan for the East") called for the population of occupied Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to be deported to West Siberia, used as slave labour, or murdered;[293] the conquered territories were to be colonised by German or "Germanised" settlers.[294] The original plan called for this process to begin after the conquest of the Soviet Union, but when that failed to happen, Hitler moved the plans forward.[293][295] By January 1942 the decision had been taken to kill the Jews, Slavs, and other deportees considered undesirable.[296][c]

A wagon piled high with corpses outside the crematorium in the newly liberated Buchenwald concentration camp (April 1945)

 

The Holocaust (the "Endlösung der Judenfrage" or "Final Solution of the Jewish Question") was organised and executed by Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich, on Hitler's orders. The records of the Wannsee Conference—held on 20 January 1942 and led by Heydrich, with fifteen senior Nazi officials participating—provide the clearest evidence of systematic planning for the Holocaust. On 22 February Hitler was recorded saying to his associates, "we shall regain our health only by eliminating the Jews".[297] Approximately thirty concentration camps and extermination camps were used for this purpose.[298] By summer 1942 Auschwitz concentration camp was rapidly expanded to accept large numbers of deportees for killing or enslavement.[299]

 

Although no specific order from Hitler authorising the mass killings has surfaced,[300] he approved the Einsatzgruppen—killing squads that followed the German army through Poland, the Baltic, and the Soviet Union[301]—and he was well informed about their activities.[302] During interrogations by Soviet intelligence officers, the records of which were declassified over fifty years later, Hitler's valet, Heinz Linge, and his adjutant, Otto Günsche, stated that Hitler had a direct interest in the development of gas chambers.[303]

 

Between 1939 and 1945, the Schutzstaffel (SS), assisted by collaborationist governments and recruits from occupied countries, were responsible for the deaths of eleven to fourteen million people, including about six million Jews, representing two-thirds of the Jewish population in Europe,[304][305] and between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Romani people.[306] Deaths took place in concentration and extermination camps, ghettos, and through mass executions. Many victims of the Holocaust were gassed to death, whereas others died of starvation or disease while working as slave labourers.[307]

 

Hitler's policies also resulted in the killings of Poles[308] and Soviet prisoners of war, communists and other political opponents, homosexuals, the physically and mentally disabled,[309][310] Jehovah's Witnesses, Adventists, and trade unionists. Hitler never appeared to have visited the concentration camps and did not speak publicly about the killings. [311]

 

Another Nazi concept was the notion of racial hygiene. On 15 September 1935, Hitler presented two laws—known as the Nuremberg Laws—to the Reichstag. The laws banned marriage between non-Jewish and Jewish Germans, and forbade the employment of non-Jewish women under the age of 45 in Jewish households. The laws deprived so-called "non-Aryans" of the benefits of German citizenship.[312] Hitler's early eugenic policies targeted children with physical and developmental disabilities in a programme dubbed Action Brandt, and later authorized a euthanasia programme for adults with serious mental and physical handicaps, now referred to as Action T4.

 

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